What are the most challenging words at the C1 level
The most challenging words at the C1 English level are typically nuanced, abstract, or context-dependent vocabulary that demand a deeper understanding of meaning, usage, and connotation. They include advanced adjectives, verbs, nouns, adverbs, and idiomatic expressions.
Examples of Challenging C1 Words by Category
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Adjectives: affluent (wealthy), daunting (intimidating), dubious (doubtful), excruciating (intensely painful), ingenious (clever), mind-boggling (extremely complex), unscrupulous (dishonest). 1
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Verbs: abandon (leave permanently), acknowledge (accept truth), accumulate (collect over time), anticipate (expect), compel (force someone). 1
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Nouns: acquisition (obtaining something), ambiguity (uncertainty), neglect (failure to care), setback (problem causing delay). 1
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Adverbs: arduously (with great effort), inadvertently (accidentally), drastically (severely). 1
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Idiomatic expressions: “be under someone’s thumb” (controlled by someone), “turn a blind eye” (ignore deliberately), “lose track of time” (forget time). 1
Additional Notable Challenging Words
Words frequently emphasized at C1 level for their complexity include:
- ephemeral (lasting a short time),
- equivocal (ambiguous),
- erode (wear away),
- exacerbate (make worse),
- exorbitant (unreasonably high),
- facetious (treating serious issues lightly),
- feasible (possible),
- fluctuate (rise and fall irregularly),
- formidable (inspiring fear or respect),
- fortuitous (lucky chance),
- galvanize (shock into action),
- gratuitous (uncalled for). 2
Mastering these words enhances comprehension and expressive ability in complex academic, professional, and social contexts typical for C1 learners. 2, 1