Emergency numbers and when to call each service in China
In China, the main emergency numbers are:
- 110 for Police: Call for crimes such as theft, assault, robbery, public order issues, and any immediate police assistance needed. Suitable for reporting dangerous situations or needing help in emergencies.
- 120 for Ambulance/Medical Emergency: Call when someone is seriously ill, injured, or requires urgent medical attention or ambulance transport.
- 119 for Fire and Rescue: Call if there is a fire, gas leak, or any emergency requiring fire department assistance or rescue services.
- 122 for Traffic Accident Reports: Call to report traffic accidents so the traffic police can assist at the scene.
- 12110 for Police SMS Alarm: For those who have difficulties calling or need to send a text to the police (e.g., deaf or mute).
When to call each
- Call 110 if you face a crime, need police presence due to a threat, or public safety is at risk.
- Call 120 for medical emergencies like sudden illness or serious injuries requiring first aid or an ambulance.
- Call 119 if there is a fire outbreak, gas leak, or need for fire rescue.
- Call 122 specifically for traffic accidents to have traffic police dispatched.
- Use 12110 SMS for non-verbal emergency communication to the police.
Emergency calls are free of charge in China. When calling, clearly state the location (street, landmarks, or nearby buildings) and explain the nature of the emergency calmly and precisely. Some major cities have English-speaking operators for 110 and 120, but it is advised to seek assistance from a local or hotel staff if language is a barrier. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Additional useful numbers include 114 for telephone inquiries and 12395 for maritime search and rescue emergencies.
This summary covers the key emergency numbers and their specific uses in China to help ensure the right service is contacted in any urgent situation.
Practical Tips When Calling Emergency Services in China
Language Considerations and Communication Challenges
Although major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou may have some English-speaking emergency operators, many areas do not. This can pose significant difficulties for non-Chinese speakers, especially in high-pressure situations.
- Key emergency phrases in Mandarin: Learning a few basic phrases can be lifesaving. For example:
- “救命” (Jiù mìng) means “Help!”
- “火灾” (Huǒzāi) means “Fire.”
- “有人受伤” (Yǒu rén shòushāng) means “Someone is injured.”
- Use simple and slow speech: Speak clearly, avoiding slang or idiomatic expressions.
- Give precise location details: Include street names, building numbers, nearby landmarks, or public facilities like subway stations. This detail speeds up response time.
Alternative Communication Methods
For those unable to speak or when voice communication is difficult:
- Use the SMS Alarm number (12110) for police emergencies by texting concise descriptions with location. This is designed primarily for the deaf or mute, but anyone who cannot communicate verbally may use it.
- Some apps and devices support emergency SOS for foreigners, but their compatibility in China varies due to local restrictions.
- Hotel staff, shopkeepers, or bystanders often speak some English and may assist in placing the call.
Common Misconceptions About Emergency Numbers in China
- “111” or “911” work in China: Unlike many countries, the American “911” or the UK’s “999” do not connect to emergency services in China. Dialing these numbers may result in no response or confusion.
- One number for all emergencies: China uses multiple numbers depending on emergency type, unlike some countries with a single unified number. Calling the wrong service may delay help.
- Language barriers mean no help: While language can be a challenge, emergency operators often understand basic English in large cities. Panic-free, clear communication with simple phrases and location details can overcome this obstacle.
- Emergency calls are not free: In China, all emergency calls (110, 119, 120, etc.) are free of charge—there is no penalty or billing for using these numbers in urgent situations.
Step-by-Step Guide: Making an Emergency Call in China
- Assess the emergency: Determine whether police, ambulance, fire rescue, or traffic police are required.
- Dial the appropriate number: 110, 120, 119, or 122 correspond to the service needed.
- Prepare location information: Know your exact address or prominent nearby landmarks; hotels and shopping centers often have signs with Chinese addresses that can help.
- Stay calm and speak clearly: Start the call by stating your location, what the emergency is, and how many people are involved.
- Answer any follow-up questions: The operator may ask for details like the nature of injuries or whether anyone is trapped.
- Follow instructions: Stay on the line until told it is okay to hang up.
- Seek assistance from others: If you struggle with language, have someone nearby help translate or call on your behalf.
Additional Emergency Resources Beyond the Primary Numbers
- 114: This is the general directory assistance number in China for telephone inquiries, useful when trying to contact specific services or numbers during emergencies.
- 12395: Dedicated to maritime search and rescue; relevant for emergencies happening on or near water bodies.
- Local community service hotlines: Larger cities sometimes have additional hotlines for poison control, psychological support, or disaster relief. These vary by region and may require local knowledge or internet search.
Brief FAQ
Q: Can I use international emergency numbers like 911 in China?
No. China uses different emergency numbers (110,119,120), so calling 911 will not connect you to local services.
Q: What if I don’t speak any Chinese to explain the emergency?
Try to find someone nearby who can assist. Use simple phrases in Mandarin if possible, or use the SMS alarm number (12110) for police emergencies.
Q: Are emergency calls recorded?
Yes, for quality and training purposes. Providing clear and truthful information ensures responders can help efficiently.
Q: Is it okay to call 110 for a minor issue?
Only call emergency numbers for genuine urgent situations. Non-emergency calls may delay help for others in critical need and could result in guidance warnings.
Expanding knowledge of these emergency numbers and how to use them effectively helps ensure safety and quick response while traveling or living in China. Clear communication, correct number usage, and understanding service scopes are essential skills for any polyglot navigating unfamiliar contexts.