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What are some advanced legal terms in Russian

Comprehensive Guide to C1-Level Russian Vocabulary: What are some advanced legal terms in Russian
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Here are some advanced legal terms in Russian, along with their meanings and explanations, which are particularly useful for understanding complex legal concepts and official documents:

  1. Злоупотребление субъективным правом (Zloupotrebleniye sub’yektivnym pravom)

    • Translation: Abuse of subjective right.
    • Explanation: This term refers to situations such as vexatious litigation, abuse of process, or malicious prosecution. It highlights the distinction in Russian law between “objective law” (право) and “subjective rights” (individual entitlements) 2.

  2. Право распоряжения (Pravo rasporiazheniya)

    • Translation: Right to dispose of a thing.
    • Explanation: This legal concept encompasses the authority to determine the legal fate of property, including selling, transferring, gifting, leasing, or even destroying it. It is a component of ownership rights in Russian law 2.

  3. Экономическое общество (Ekonomicheskoe obshchestvo)

    • Translation: Economic society.
    • Explanation: This term refers to a type of legal entity, akin to corporations or business associations in Western legal systems. It derives from the French “société” and German “Gesellschaft” 2.

  4. Постановление (Postanovlenie)

    • Translation: Decree or resolution.
    • Explanation: An official order issued by a legal authority, often used in judicial or administrative contexts 1.

  5. Исковая давность (Iskovaya davnost’)

    • Translation: Statute of limitations.
    • Explanation: The legal period within which a lawsuit must be filed before claims become invalid due to the passage of time.

  6. Обязательственное право (Obyazatel’stvennoe pravo)

    • Translation: Law of obligations.
    • Explanation: A branch of civil law dealing with contractual and non-contractual obligations between parties.

  7. Арбитражный суд (Arbitrazhny sud)

    • Translation: Arbitration court.
    • Explanation: A specialized court handling commercial disputes between legal entities 1.

  8. Субъекты права (Subyekty prava)

    • Translation: Subjects of law.
    • Explanation: Refers to entities recognized by law as having rights and obligations, such as individuals, companies, or government bodies 2.

  9. Право владения (Pravo vladeniya)

    • Translation: Right of possession.
    • Explanation: The right to physically hold and control property as part of ownership rights 2.

  10. Право пользования (Pravo pol’zovaniya)

    • Translation: Right of use.
    • Explanation: The right to enjoy the benefits of property without owning it outright, such as leasing or usufruct 2.

  11. Юридическое лицо (Yuridicheskoye litso)

    • Translation: Legal entity.
    • Explanation: An organization recognized by law as having its own legal personality separate from its members.

  12. Деликтное право (Deliktnoye pravo)

    • Translation: Tort law.
    • Explanation: A branch of law dealing with civil wrongs that cause harm or loss to individuals.

  13. Нотариальное заверение (Notarial’noye zavereniye)

    • Translation: Notarization or notarial certification.
    • Explanation: The formal verification of documents by a notary public to ensure their authenticity.

  14. Презумпция невиновности (Prezumpciya nevinovnosti)

    • Translation: Presumption of innocence.
    • Explanation: A fundamental principle in criminal law stating that an individual is considered innocent until proven guilty.

  15. Фидуциарные отношения (Fidutsiarniye otnosheniya)

    • Translation: Fiduciary relationships.
    • Explanation: Legal relationships based on trust, such as those between trustees and beneficiaries.

These terms illustrate the complexity and specificity of Russian legal language, often requiring precise interpretation for accurate application in legal contexts 1, 2.

References

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