Italian Unveiled: The Distinction Between Formal and Informal Language
Learn how to navigate formal and informal Italian conversations!
The choice between formal and informal Italian depends mainly on the relationship with the person and the context in which the conversation occurs. 4, 5, 7
Key Differences
- Informal Italian uses the pronoun tu, is casual and friendly, and is used with friends, family, peers, and children. Verb conjugations match this pronoun. 5, 7, 4
- Formal Italian uses Lei, is polite and respectful, and is used with strangers, professionals, elders, or anyone in a position of authority. Verb conjugations change to match Lei. 7, 4, 5
When to Use Formal Italian
- With people who are significantly older, especially outside family. 4, 5, 7
- In professional environments, such as speaking to a manager, teacher, doctor, or client. 5, 7, 4
- When interacting with strangers, especially in shops, hotels, public services, or when seeking assistance. 7, 4, 5
- In letters, emails, or situations requiring extra respect. 8, 7
- It is common to start with formal language and switch to informal only when invited, such as if someone says “Diamoci del tu!” (Let’s use tu with each other). 5, 7
When to Use Informal Italian
- With friends, family members, and peers. 4, 7, 5
- In relaxed social situations and gatherings among people of similar status or age. 7, 4, 5
- With children, regardless of whether they are strangers. 9, 4, 7
- When someone asks you to do so (Dammi del tu). 4, 5
Comparison Table
| Context | Formal (Lei) | Informal (tu) |
|---|---|---|
| With boss/elder/stranger | Yes | No |
| With friend/family/peer | Rarely | Yes |
| Professional/email/service | Yes | No |
| Children | No | Yes |
| When invited (“diamoci del tu”) | No | Yes |
Real-Life Examples
- Come ti chiami? (What’s your name? – informal) vs Come si chiama? (What’s your name? – formal). 7, 4
- Come stai? (How are you? – informal) vs Come sta? (How are you? – formal). 4, 7
- Scusa (Sorry – informal) vs Scusi (Excuse me – formal). 7, 4
Choosing the correct level helps communicate respect or closeness, and switching from formal to informal is a social gesture that signals increasing openness.