What are common body language practices in Japanese business settings

In Japanese business settings, common body language practices emphasize politeness, respect, and subtlety. The most prevalent gesture is bowing, which varies in depth and duration depending on the formality and the status of the parties involved. Good posture is important, as it conveys attentiveness and respect. Eye contact tends to be more indirect compared to Western cultures, to avoid confrontation or perceived aggression. Nodding is commonly used to indicate attentiveness and agreement during conversations. Maintaining calm facial expressions and controlled gestures also reflect professionalism. Additionally, exchanging business cards with both hands and a slight bow is a key part of the initial introduction ritual. Overall, body language in Japanese business communication is marked by an emphasis on harmony, hierarchy, and non-verbal cues that promote mutual respect and understanding. ^{11, 17, 18}

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