What are common politeness strategies in Russian conversations

Common politeness strategies in Russian conversations include both positive and negative politeness tactics. Positive politeness strategies often involve expressing friendliness, showing interest in the interlocutor, using in-group markers, joking, seeking agreement, giving gifts (sympathy, understanding), and asserting common ground. These strategies aim to build rapport and maintain harmony in conversations by attending to the hearer’s needs and emotions.

Negative politeness strategies in Russian typically focus on minimizing imposition or threat to the listener’s face by using indirectness, hedging, apologizing, and showing respect for the interlocutor’s autonomy and privacy. These include asking questions politely, using formal titles, and employing proper linguistic markers to soften requests or statements.

In Russian culture, politeness also heavily depends on the social context, relationship between interlocutors, and cultural norms such as respect for hierarchy and age. Formal and informal speech styles exist, with formal speech using polite forms and titles to show respect, especially in business or unfamiliar settings.

Overall, politeness in Russian conversations is realized through a combination of linguistic means (lexical choice, grammar, speech acts) and paralinguistic features, aimed at facilitating smooth communication, showing respect, and maintaining social harmony. ^{1, 2, 3, 4}

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